Agriculture University, Jodhpur is a state agricultural university created by the Government of Rajasthan to serve the arid and semi-arid agricultural regions of western Rajasthan. It was established on 14 September 2013 under the Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act, 2013 after reorganization of the state agricultural-university system. Its jurisdiction covers Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi districts, an area extending across three distinct agro-ecological zones. This geography gives the university a highly specific research mandate shaped by water scarcity, heat, dryland farming, livestock-linked livelihoods and the biodiversity of western Rajasthan. The university integrates agricultural education, research and extension through constituent colleges, research stations, research substations and field-oriented units. Its academic structure includes agriculture and allied disciplines, with professional training designed around the needs of the region’s farming systems. The university inherited important research infrastructure from predecessor agricultural universities, including long-established stations working on crops and production systems suited to arid conditions. Agricultural Research Station Mandor, research facilities at Keshwana and substations in other parts of its jurisdiction provide a field base for location-specific experimentation. Constituent colleges at Jodhpur and other centres support degree education and practical agricultural training. Research priorities include crop improvement, resource conservation, dryland production, soil and water management, plant protection and technologies adapted to limited-moisture environments. Extension activities help move recommendations from research plots into farming communities through demonstrations, training and technical advice. The university’s service area contains substantial variation even within western Rajasthan, so research programmes are aligned with local agro-ecological conditions rather than a single statewide model. Agriculture University, Jodhpur is therefore defined by its regional specialization: it combines academic programmes with a network of field research and extension institutions designed specifically for the agricultural challenges of Rajasthan’s arid and transitional zones. Dryland agriculture remains central to its academic and research mission.